Naval Era of Guam

Naval Era Gallery

Art, Architecture, and Music

First Band
Band Ensembles
So'soh (coconut extractor). Nicole Santos photo.
Blacksmithing
Ankie Franquez began to play the harmonica in the 1930s for a contest, but then fully developed as a musician.
CHamoru/Chamorro Music
Mamposteria House. Photo from the Naval Historical Center courtesy of Don Farrell.
Changes in Construction Styles
1961 Jazz. Tina Muña Barnes photo from the Guam Humanities Council.
Jazz
A costumed Chamorro dancer poses among the taro leaves.
Photography
Figure 1. Typical Pole and Thatch Home. Julian R. Cruz sketch provided by Lawrence J. Cunningham.
Pole and Thatched Homes
Baido Hosai. Isla Center for the Arts
Printmaking
Wood and tin houses located within a Guam village.
Wood and Tin Houses

Biographies

Agueda Iglesias Johnston
Agueda Iglesias Johnston
Ambrosio Torres Shimizu
Ambrosio Torres Shimizu
Atanasio Taitano Perez (Secretary to the Governor (1930-1935), Mariano Rivera Leon Guerrero
Atanasio Taitano Perez
Bishop Agustín José Bernaus y Serra. Capuchin Order, Guam
Bishop Agustín José Bernaus
Bishop Vilá arrived on Guam in 1912 as Guam's first bishop, but passed away shortly afterward.
Bishop Francisco Javier Vilá
Bishop Joaquín Felipe Oláiz
Bishop Joaquín Felipe Oláiz
The Navarran friars in the early 1930s. GC4 7-All the Guam Capuchin missionaries in 1934 except Bishop Olaiz and Fr. Bernabe. Left to right seated: Frs. Román de Vera, Xavier de Sanguesa, Leon de Alzo (Bishop Miguel Angel Urteaga Olano). Standing: Frs. James, Marcelo de Villava, Bro. Jose, Frs. Eugenio de Legaria, Crispin de Imbuluzqueta, Gil de Legaria, Pastor de Arrayos, Fr. Blas de Caseda, Brother Jesus de Begona, Fr. Serafin de Lazaun, and Brother Vicente. Also GC3. Micronesian Area Research Center (MARC) collection.
Bishop Miguel Angel Urteaga Olano
Captain Adalbert Zuckschwerdt Featured Image
Captain Adalbert Zuckschwerdt
Captain Henry Glass. Micronesian Area Research Center (MARC) collection.
Captain Henry Glass
Chester Carl Butler Featured Image
Chester Carl Butler
Young Ramon Manalisay Sablan
Dr. Ramon Manalisay Sablan
Ellis was a US Marine Corps lieutenant colonel and was the first American spy to penetrate Japanese-held Micronesia in 1923.
Earl Hancock "Pete" Ellis
Eduardo Jake Calvo was Speaker of the House of Assembly after World War II. Micronesian Area Research Center (MARC), University of Guam.
Eduardo "Jake" Calvo
Tan Elena Cruz Benavente. Photo by Ron J. Castro for the Guam Council on the Arts and Humanities Agency (CAHA)
Elena C. Benavente
SMS Cormoran, VOE Video Thumb
SMS Cormoran II: Two Crew Member Profiles
Father Callistus Lopinot. Micronesian Seminar (MicSem) collection.
Father Callistus Lopinot
Father Jesus Baza Duenas. Micronesian Area Research Center (MARC).
Father Jesus Baza Duenas
Father Marcian Pellet
Father Marcian Pellet
Father Roman de Vera
Father Roman de Vera
Floren Paulino Featured Image
Floren Paulino
BJ Bordallo and Francisco B. Leon Guerrero in DC, 1936. Micronesian Area Research Center (MARC) collection.
Francisco B. Leon Guerrero
Ankie Franquez began to play the harmonica in the 1930s for a contest, but then fully developed as a musician.
Francisco G. Franquez
Frank D. Perez
Frank D. Perez
Profile photo of Gertrude Costenoble Hornbostel
Gertrude Costenoble Hornbostel
Governor Joseph Flores
Governor Joseph Flores
William John Maxwell
Governor William John Maxwell
Bradley, born in Ransomville, New York on June 28, 1884, called himself a Progressive Republican and a civil libertarian. He was the most liberal of all the naval governors of Guam.
Governor Willis W. Bradley
Prisoners of war in Kobe (Japan) American civilians from Guam. Seated L to R: Author W. Jackson, Franklin Olive, William Payne, Albert Kerner, Father Alderbert Doblon, WM. Gautier Johnston, Marcelo Sgambelluri, Elmer L. Gay, and Carl C. Butler.
Hiram W. Elliott
Ignacia Bordallo Butler. Micronesian Area Research Center (MARC)
Ignacia Bordallo Butler
Joaquin F Lujan
Joaquin F. Lujan
Joaquin "Ding" Palomo. Ana Palomo photo from the Guam Humanities Council.
Joaquin "Ding" Palomo
I Fanlalai'an
Jose Gumabon, Sr.
Josef Martinez Ada
Josef Martinez Ada
Laura Maud Thompson Featured Image
Laura Maud Thompson
Lucia Fernandez Torres
Lucia Fernandez Torres
Chamorro patients at Culion "Leper Colony," Philippines. From Antonio Unpingco courtesy of Dr. Anne Hattori.
Maria Anderson Roberto
Maria Arceo Ulloa
Maria Arceo Ulloa
Maria Palomo Ada Featured Image
Maria Palomo Ada
Manuel Ulloa Lujan and wife Mariana Leon Guerrero Lujan with Gov. Carlton Skinner. Guam Public Library System collection.
Mariana Leon Guerrero Lujan
Reverend Oscar Lujan Calvo. Capuchin Order, Guam
Monsignor Oscar Calvo
Educator Nieves Flores. Don Farrell collection.
Nieves M. Flores
Padre Jose Bernardo Palomo. Micronesian Area Research Center (MARC).
Padre Jose Bernardo Palomo
Don Pedro Pangelinan Martinez. Guam Chamber of Commerce photo.
Pedro Pangelinan Martinez
Pascual Artero y Saez. Joseph Cameron collection.
Pascual Artero y Saez
Segundo Blas Featured Image
Segundo Blas
Simon Sanchez addresses the Hopkins Committee after World War II. Photo courtesy of the Micronesian Area Research Center (MARC).
Simon Sanchez
Although Safford served only one year on Guam, his willingness to open his doors to people with their problems during the day or in the evenings at his home endeared him to the Chamorros.
William Safford

Government and Economic Systems

Military inspection at the Governor's Palace. From Don Farrell's The Sacrifice.
1899 General Orders
President Harry Truman finally signed the Organic Act on 1 August 1950, which solidified Guam’s status as an unincorporated territory, and essentially established the Government of Guam while granting American citizenship to the local CHamoru population. Image courtesy of the Micronesian Area Research Center (MARC), UOG.
1900 General Orders
Commander Seaton Schroeder. Don Farrell collection.
1901 General Orders
1901 Petition Featured Image
1901 Petition
1899 Ruins of old Leper Hospital. Micronesian Area Research Center (MARC) collection
1902 General Orders
Two gold pesos once used on Guam and have been handed down in the Jose Tello Leon Guerrero family formerly of HagŒt–a.
1903 General Orders
Raymond Stone, acting Governor of Guam 28 January 1904. Photo courtesy of Don Farrell.
1904 General Orders
Midshipman William J. Maxwell. Naval History and Heritage Command.
1914 Executive General Orders
Bank of Guam, 1945. National Archives from the Micronesian Area Research Center (MARC)
1915 Executive General Orders
Senator Ricardo Bordallo, Sen. Richard Taitano, Legal Council Andrew Gayle, and Sen. James Sablan.
1916 Executive General Orders
Image depicting the US empire as of 1898. Philadelphia Press, Public Domain
American-Style Colonialism
Citibank. Guampedia image
Banking
Naval Governor Willis Bradley signs the Bill of Rights, 1933. Photo courtesy of the Department of Chamorro Affairs from the Nieves Flores Memorial Library.
Bill of Rights for Guam 1930
A map of the Mariana Islands by P. Alonso Lopez. Most Guam's forts were built along the central to south western coastlines: 6 in Hagåtña, 4 in Humåtak/Umatac, 3 in Apra Harbor and 1 unnamed battery in Malesso’/Merizo.
CHamorus/Chamorros: A People Divided
Joint Session of the 4th Guam Congress, 1936
Civil Rights and US Citizenship (1898-1950)
Karabao, Workers and Rice Paddy, 1935. Ekelund collection from the Guam Museum.
Early American Economic History
Fort Santiago was one of three forts defending Apra Harbor. Fort Santa Cruz, constructed later, was located at the center of Apra Harbor. Photo courtesy of the Guam Museum.
Early American Period has Profound Implications
Raymond Stone, acting Governor of Guam 28 January 1904. Photo courtesy of Don Farrell.
George Leland Dyer General Order Nos. 78 - 80
Chamorros in rice paddies observed by Japanese administration.
Guam and Its Three Empires
Fanohge CHamoru Exhibition Section 2: Unpacking Terms. UN General Assembly Hall, New York City, NY Wikimedia Common (commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:United_Nations_General_As...(3).jpg)
Guam Hymn / Fanohge CHamoru
Guam Insular Force Guard
Guam Insular Guard
Guam leaders meet with US Senator Spark M. Matsunaga after the US Senate hearing on the proposed Guam Constitution. L to R: Sen. Antonio M. Palomo, Con-Con Delegate Judith P. Guthertz, Con-Con President Carl Gutierrez, Mr. Walter Ferenz, representing the Guam Bar Association, Mr. Greg S. Perez, Chamber of Commerce president. Guam's Congressman Antonio B. Won Pat, and Sen. Matsungaga who chaired the hearings. Photo courtesy of the Micronesian Area Research Center (MARC).
Guam Leaders from 1899-1904
The officials of the Judiciary Department of the Naval Government of Guam. National Archives/Micronesian Area Research Center (MARC), UOG.
Guam's US Naval Era Historical Overview
Lt. General Vandegrift, Adm. Nimitz, Maj. General Larsen, and Adm. Spruance are the heads of the military forces recapturing Guam, 1944.
Guam's Political Status
Guam Congress. Museum collection.
History of Democracy in Guam
John Collier and Laura Thompson. United Press Photo.
Institute of Ethnic Affairs
CHamorus of the Marianas, 1828. Lutke Atlas collection courtesy of the Micronesian Seminar (MicSem).
LÃ¥ncho: Ranch
Aerial Photo of University of Guam, 1974
Land Ownership in Guam
US Naval Governor of Guam Willis Bradley signs Bill of Rights. Micronesian Area Research Center (MARC), UOG.
Naval Era Governors of Guam
US Naval Era Politics and Government Entries
Naval Executive Orders
Umatac Bay
Partition of the Marianas
The port is located on thirty acres of land on and adjacent to Cabras Island. It owns and operates five cargo handling piers and two fuel piers as well as three marinas and a harbor of refuge.
Port of Guam
Raymond Stone, acting Governor of Guam 28 January 1904. Photo courtesy of Don Farrell.
Raymond Stone General Order Nos. 74 - 77
The area of Harmon was once an air field named after a WWII military general who died in flight. Today it is the main site of Guam's industrial park.
Resettlement Patterns Under American Rule
Captain Richard P. Leary. Don Farrell collection.
Richard P. Leary General Order Nos. 1 - 21
Commander Seaton Schroeder. Don Farrell collection.
Seaton Schroeder General Order Nos. 22 - 32 and 35 - 48
Guam Militia. Don Farrell collection.
US Naval Era Governors: Contributions and Controversies
Military inspection at the Governor's Palace. From Don Farrell's The Sacrifice.
US Naval Era: Development of the Code of Guam
The Island Court, including judges and appeals court staff, pose with Governor George J. McMillin (1940-1941). Photo from the Sanchez collection courtesy of Don Farrell.
US Naval Era: Island Court System
The officials of the Judiciary Department of the Naval Government of Guam. National Archives/Micronesian Area Research Center (MARC), UOG.
US Naval Era: Judges and Island Attorneys
William Elbridge Sewell. Don Farrell collection.
William E. Sewell General Order Nos. 49 - 73
William John Maxwell
William J. Maxwell Executive General Order Nos. 180 - 194
Guampedia Circle Logo
William Swift General Order Nos. 33 - 34

Health and Medicine

Old Hagåtña hospital. Photo from GMH collection.
The 1918 Influenza Pandemic in Guam
Patteras (Midwives), 1902. Dr. Anne Hattori collection.
Guam Pattera (Nurse Midwives)
Susana Hospital, 1930s
Hospitals
Lepers and elephantiasis.
Leprosy - Hospitals and Colonies
Insular Patrol Inspection. Don Farrell collection.
Leprosy - Insular Patrol
Juan Ulloa Unpingco, 1907. Anne Hattori collection.
Leprosy - Local Reaction
Chamorro nurses, circa 1910-1920. Dr. Anne Perez Hattori collection.
School for Nurses
The Naval Hospital in the foreground and Susana Hospital in background in Hagatna.
US Naval Hospital 1899-1941

Language and Education

School Children Drills, 1934
Education During the US Naval Era
Schoolchildren lined up for a fingernail and cleanliness inspection
English and CHamoru/Chamorro Language Policies
Maxwell [Sumay] School, Interior. Photo courtesy of James Oelke-Farley from the National Archives.
General Order No. 12
Guam Museum
Guam Museum
Namesake School: BP Carbullido Elementary
Namesake School: BP Carbullido Elementary
Namesake School: LP Untalan Middle
Namesake School: LP Untalan Middle
P.C. Lujan Elementary School. Guampedia photo.
Namesake School: PC Lujan Elementary
A post card of the Guam Institute. Margaret Laurenson collection.
Private Schooling During the US Naval Era
A village scene depicts the difference in caste through body language and building structures. Also illustrated is the lack of body coverings as being unnecessary. Bachelor’s houses were houses for young CHamoru/Chamorro men in the Mariana Islands from ancient times until the late 1600s. A village scene of the Ancient CHamorus illustrated by JA Pellion from Freycinet’s Voyage Autour de Monde, Paris, 1824. Guam Public Library System
Role of Education in the Preservation of Guam's Indigenous Language

Migrations of People

Scholarship Students Depart. Micronesian Area Research Center (MARC) collection.
CHamoru/Chamorro Migration to the US
Filipinos in Guam, 1902. Micronesian Seminar collection.
Filipinos on Guam

Religion and Cultural Practices

Reverend Francis Price, back right, and wife, back left, were sent to Guam by the American Board of Commissioners for the Foreign Missions. Photo from the courtesy of Don Farrell.
Americans Bring Upheaval in Religious Practices
Father Callistus Lopinot. Micronesian Seminar (MicSem) collection.
An Attempted German Mission
Padre Jose Palomo welcomed and the first Capuchins to the Island in 1901. Capuchin Order, Guam
Capuchins
Augustinians in Rota, 1936. Micronesian Seminar collection.
Expulsion of the Augustinian Recollects
Catholic Religion Entries
Mission Helpers of the Sacred Heart
Early CHamoru Protestants, 1902
Origin of the CHamoru/Chamorro Protestant Congregation in Guam

Transportation, Technology, and Communications

The Cable Station Sumay, Guam. Margaret Laurenson Collection (1926 - 1928).
Communications and Transportation Advancements
Cable Station
Early Transpacific Telecommunications
Pan American Hotel Porch.
First Pan American Flights
The Cable Station Sumay, Guam. Margaret Laurenson Collection (1926 - 1928).
Communications and Transportation Advancements
Cable Station
Early Transpacific Telecommunications
Pan American Hotel Porch.
First Pan American Flights
Guam Echo Featured Image
Guam Echo and Guam Eagle
Guam Recorder (1924 – 1940)
Guam Recorder, 1924 - 1940
Guam Recorder (1926, December)
Guam Recorder, December 1926
Guam Recorder (1926, July)
Guam Recorder, July 1926
Guam Recorder (1926, November)
Guam Recorder, November 1926
Guam Recorder February 1927. Guam Recorder was one of the first regularly printed Guam newspaper publications.
Guam Recorder, February 1927
Guam Recorder (1927, January)
Guam Recorder, January 1927
Postmaster Underwood, 1930. Don Farrell collection.
Postal History of Guam

Villages, Places, Organizations, and Island Life

American Legion, 1935. Guam Public Library System collection.
American Legion
Chamorro nurses from the Naval Hospital ride on the Red Cross Float during an island fair.
American Red Cross, Guam Chapter
Fort Santiago was one of three forts defending Apra Harbor. Fort Santa Cruz, constructed later, was located at the center of Apra Harbor. Photo courtesy of the Guam Museum.
Apra Harbor
The Budweiser Baseball League games are held at the Paseo Stadium, Hagåtña. George Miller, 2014.
Baseball: History of the Sport in Guam
Officers of the Guam Teachers Association in mid-thirties from the Sanchez Collection
Guam Teachers’ Association
Lujan House
Lujan House
sumai, guahan. By Kerri Ann Borja.
Sumai (Sumay)
The 1997 YMLG scholarship recipients are shown with League officers: from right YMLG President Ben Carbullido, Vice President Bino Gumataotao, Secretary Ike Santos and Treasurer Frank Torres.
Young Men's League of Guam (YMLG)

Warfare

Crew members of the SMS Cormoran gather for a group photo during their New Years party, 1915. Photo from SMS Cormoran album at Manuscripts Collection RFT MARC, University of Guam.
Cormoran-Südseefahrer: SMS Cormoran Crew Annual Meetings
SMS Cormoran I
Guam's Role in World War I
Cabinet Meeting. Don Farrell collection.
Spanish-American War
The SMS Cormoran in the waters of Tsingtao, 1914. Photo from the Herbert T. Ward collection courtesy of the Micronesian Area Research Center (MARC).
SMS Cormoran I
SMS Cormoran
SMS Cormoran II
SMS Cormoran
SMS Cormoran II (Overview)
The SMS Cormoran Monument located in the Hagatna US Naval Cemetery, 1950.
SMS Cormoran II Memorial
Officers in dining room the SMS Cormoran. Photo from the Herbert T. Ward collection courtesy of the Micronesian Area Research Center (MARC).
SMS Cormoran II: Local Stories
The Cormoran had several Chinese and many Papua New Guineans laborers as part of its crew. The crew stayed on Guam from 1914 to 1917. Photo courtesy of Don Farrell.
SMS Cormoran II: Non-German Crew Members
Crew members of the SMS Cormoran gather for a group photo during their New Years party, 1915. Photo from SMS Cormoran album at Manuscripts Collection RFT MARC, University of Guam.
SMS Cormoran II: Partial Crew List
Officers of the SMS Cormoran with Captain Adalbert Zuckschwerdt in center. Photo from SMS Cormoran album at Manuscripts Collection RFT MARC, University of Guam.
SMS Cormoran II: Two Crew Member Profiles
Cormoran-Tokai Maru Site. Courtesy of the US National Park Service.
The Journey of SMS Cormoran II
A detail photograph of the German Prisoner of War Monument at Fort Douglas. Photo provided by the Fort Douglas Military Museum, 2015.
The SMS Cormoran II Crew - Prisoners of War
US Naval Cemetery with SMS Cormoran Memorial. Guampedia photo.
US Naval Cemetery
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