Spanish Era of Guam

Spanish Era Gallery

Art, Architecture, Body Adornment, Music and Food

belembaotuyan
Belembaotuyan
Blacksmiths, 1945. Micronesian Area Research Center (MARC).
Blacksmithing
de Silleria Featured Image
de Silleria
Figure 1. The plaster has weathered away from the mamposteria oridinaria, stone and mortar construction, walls of Fuerte de Santa Agueda (Fort Apugan), in Agana Heights, Guam.
Mampostería
Pole and Thatch Illustration, Joint 1
Pole and Thatched Homes
Fishing Practices Rare 8-Fishing
Pumeska: Hunters on Land and Sea

Biographies

Agualin
Agualin
Cathedral 1817
Andrés Blázquez
Urdaneta
Andres de Urdaneta
CHamoru/Chamorro family in Yap. Seated is Bartola Garrido.
Bartola Garrido
Bishop Joaquín Felipe Oláiz
Bishop Joaquín Felipe Oláiz
The Navarran friars in the early 1930s. GC4 7-All the Guam Capuchin missionaries in 1934 except Bishop Olaiz and Fr. Bernabe. Left to right seated: Frs. Román de Vera, Xavier de Sanguesa, Leon de Alzo (Bishop Miguel Angel Urteaga Olano). Standing: Frs. James, Marcelo de Villava, Bro. Jose, Frs. Eugenio de Legaria, Crispin de Imbuluzqueta, Gil de Legaria, Pastor de Arrayos, Fr. Blas de Caseda, Brother Jesus de Begona, Fr. Serafin de Lazaun, and Brother Vicente. Also GC3. Micronesian Area Research Center (MARC) collection.
Bishop Miguel Angel Urteaga Olano
Umatac church
Ciriaco de Espiritu Santo
Colegio de San Juan de Letrán from Freycinet's Voyage Autour de Monde, Paris, 1824. Guam Public Library System
Domingo Medina de Santo Tomás
Dulce Nombre de Maria Cathedral, 1900. Guam Museum collection.
Father Aniceto Ibáñez del Carmen
San Vitores
Father Diego Luis de San Vitores
Colegio de San Juan de Letrán from Freycinet's Voyage Autour de Monde, Paris, 1824. Guam Public Library System
Father Luís de Medina
Michell Map
Fray Antonio de Los Ángeles
San Isidro de Garapan. Northern Mariana Islands Museum/Micronesian Area Research Center (MARC) collection.
Fray Francisco Resano
Ancient Ruins of Rota (Luta)
Fray Juan Pobre de Zamora
Governor's Palace, 1902
Governor Juan Marina
Humåtak Palace
Governor Manuel Muro
Hineti
Hineti
Hurao Featured Image
Hurao
The Success, a pirate ship under the direction of John Clipperton, got stuck in Umatac Bay in 1788 after charging the shore. Spanish soldiers fired upon them for three days from two forts, as shown in this illustration. John Lodge
Adventurers: John Clipperton and George Shelvocke
Trading
Adventurers: John Eaton and William Cowley
José de Quiroga y Losada by Raph Unpingco.
José de Quiroga y Losada
French explorer Dumont d’Urville lead two French Navy expeditions into Oceania, visiting Guam twice. Illustration courtesy of the Micronesian Area Research Center (MARC), University of Guam. MC31 4
Jules Sébastien César Dumont d'Urville
Maga' Låhi Kepuha
Kepuha: Quipuha
Louis Claude de Freycinet
Louis Claude de Freycinet
de torres
Luís de Torres
Spanish Era Education Entries
Manuel de San Juan Bautista
The San Vitores Shrine statue, photo taken by Victor Consaga.
Matå'pang: Matapang
Legazpi
Miguel López de Legazpi
Padre Jose Bernardo Palomo. Micronesian Area Research Center (MARC).
Padre Jose Bernardo Palomo
Pedro Calungsod, Lay Assistant. Wikimedia Commons.
Pedro Calungsod
Mexico
Pedro Sanchez Pericón
Sirena Featured Image
Sirena
Malesso' (Merizo) Church, 1939. Capuchin Order, Guam
Tolahi
Captain William Dampier
Adventurer: William Dampier
Woodes Rogers (detail) by Ireland's Graphic Illustrations of Hogarth. Courtesy of the British Museum.
Adventurer: Woodes Rogers
A photograph of Pago Bay after 8 hours of rain on January 3, 2009. Photo by Dr. Jason Biggs courtesy of the Micronesian Archaeological Research Services (MARS).
Yula

Environment and Natural Resources

Karabao, Workers and Rice Paddy, 1935. Ekelund collection from the Guam Museum.
Karabao: Water Buffalo
CHamorus of the Marianas, 1828. Lutke Atlas collection courtesy of the Micronesian Seminar (MicSem).
Låncho: Ranch

European Exploration, Trade, and Scientific Studies

Galleon: Trinidad
Adventurers: Beachcombers
QUID IN LADRONES IN SVLA HOLLANDIS ACCIDERIT [TRADING AT THE LADRONES]. Theodor de Bry --1602. 1 print: black and white; 23 x 32 cm. Plate X. From Bry's collection of Voyage. An image of trading in the Mariana Islands
European Colonization's Impact on Trade in Micronesia
Concepción Galleon
Galleon: Concepción
Manila Galleon
Galleon: San Pablo
Galleon: Trinidad
Galleon: Trinidad
Victoria
Galleon: Victoria
Illustration from Remarks on a Voyage in 1801 to the Island of Guam by William Haswell, First Officer of the Barque “Lydia.” A Flying Prow (Proa).
Island of Guam by William Haswell
Joseph Paul Gaimard Featured Image
Joseph Paul Gaimard's 1819 CHamoru/Chamorro Vocabulary
View of the city of Manila port from which the galleons began their voyages. MC 1-12 Levinus Huisius/Blair and Robertson. Micronesian Area Research Center collection.
La Nao de China: The Spanish Treasure Fleet System
Manila Galleon Crew Members
Manila Galleon Crew Members
1751 Anson Map
Manila Galleon Trade Route-La Nao de China: A Legacy in the Marianas
Propoganda Map
Mapping the Pacific
Galleon
Navigation and Cargo of the Manila Galleons
Buccaneer
Adventurers: Pirates on Guam
Whale Fishery
Whaling Influence in the Marianas

Government and Economic Systems

Legazpi
Criollo
Colegio
Forzado System and the Mariana Islands
BJ Bordallo and Francisco B. Leon Guerrero in DC, 1936. Micronesian Area Research Center (MARC) collection.
History of Democracy in Guam
Agana Chores detail of man. From Freycinet’s Voyage Autour de Monde (Paris, 1824).
Indios
Spanish Era Social Classes
Insulares
The island of Guam, as seen from the southern tip at Cocos Island. Photo by Mitchell P. Warner
Land Ownership in Guam
Pangelinan Family. Anthony Ramirez collection.
Mestizo (Mestisu)
mulatos and negros
Mulatos and Negros
Chamorros
Natural
Pangelinan Family. Anthony Ramirez collection.
Mestizo (Mestisu)
mulatos and negros
Mulatos and Negros
Chamorros
Natural
At the time of the American capture of Guam in June 1898, the Spanish-built Governor's Palace was in a deteriorated condition.
Peninsulares
Show of respect for elder or clan leader. Freycinet collection from the Guam Public Library System.
Social Classes in Traditional CHamoru/Chamorro Society
Royal mint silver coin with the pillar and Isabel II.
Spanish Coinage in Guam
Tordesillas detail
Treaty of Tordesillas
Joao
Treaty of Zaragoza
Balate'
Trepang Trade

Health and Medicine

Scientific Studies - agana house chores
1823 Guam Vital Statistics Report
Illustration from Remarks on a Voyage in 1801 to the Island of Guam by William Haswell, First Officer of the Barque “Lydia.”
Envisioning the Past: Near Extinction
1899 Ruins of old Leper Hospital. Micronesian Area Research Center (MARC) collection
Spanish Response to CHamoru Depopulation

Language and Education

San Vitores
Acculturation in the Spanish Era
Adelbert von Chamisso’s 1817 CHamoru Vocabulary
Adelbert von Chamisso's 1817 CHamoru Vocabulary
Colegio
Colegio de San Juan de Letrán
Spanish Era Education Entries
Educational Institutions During the Spanish Era
Escuela de Niñas, first girls school in Guam.
Escuela de Niñas
financial support of education
Financial Support of Education
Humåtak Palace
Influential Governors in Education
A print of the people of the Mariana Islands by Dieinwhohner ver Diebs Infeln from the 1700s illustrates the lack of clothing and interactions between the men and women.
Origin of Chamorro as an Ethnic Identifier
A sign of the Government Code stating English is the official language of Guam. Photo taken by Rene Mahone in the 1970s and courtesy of the Micronesian Area Research Center (MARC).
Role of Education in the Preservation of Guam's Indigenous Language

Migrations of People

Carolinians
Carolinians on Guam
Filipinos in Guam, 1902. Micronesian Seminar collection.
Filipinos on Guam

Religion and Cultural Practices

Freycinet described Guam's economic depression, lax Augustinian morals and the promiscuous attitudes of men and women. Illustration by de Sainson from d'Urville's Voyage de la Corvette L'Astrolabe, 1830. de Sainson/Guam Public Library System
Augustinian Recollects
Royce Surigao is baptized. He is held by his parents, Joelyn Sanchez and Roy Surigao, and his four godparents. Godparents are chosen from family or close friends. 0038-F19 01-baptism5
Baotismo: Baptism
Lorenzo M. Blas Family - Pre-WWII. Courtesy of Mark Borja Lord.
Bela: Wake or Vigil
Figure 1: District officer Georg Fritz took this photograph in Luta, December 24, circa 1905. This photo is courtesy of Pale’ Eric Forbes and The Micronesia Area Research Center, University of Guam. The caption for this photograph is Christmas Game.
Burego'
Padre Jose Palomo welcomed and the first Capuchins to the Island in 1901. Capuchin Order, Guam
Capuchins
Chaife/Chaifi by Raph Unpingco.
Folktale: Chaife's Lost Soul
Spanish Wear. Guam Public Library System collection.
Jesuit Administration of the Marianas
St. Fidelis Friary. Capuchin Order, Guam
Jesuits: Society of Jesus
Holy Flame. The candle represents the child who has become a newly baptized Catholic. Mendiola family collection.
Kumaire/Måle’
Royce Surigao is baptized. He is held by his parents, Joelyn Sanchez and Roy Surigao, and his four godparents. Godparents are chosen from family or close friends. 0038-F19 01-baptism5
Kumpaire/Pari'
St. Fidelis Friary. Capuchin Order, Guam
Jesuits: Society of Jesus
Holy Flame. The candle represents the child who has become a newly baptized Catholic. Mendiola family collection.
Kumaire/Måle’
Beautiful Bride. Photo by Leevin Camacho.
Marriage Traditions
Josepha by JA Pellion, 1824 Guam Public Library System collection.
Matrimony and Social Change in the Marianas during Spanish Times
Spanish Era Social Classes
Men's Roles
Nina. Leevin Camacho
Nina/Ninu
Celebrating CHamoru Nobenas
Nobena: Novena (Catholic Devotional Prayers)
Bilen, photo by Manny Crisostomo.
Nobenan I Niño Jesus-Novena to the Christ Child
Cathedral 1817
Other Noted Rectors
Kamalen
Santa Marian Kamalen
Lesson Plan: Diving With Sirena
Sirena
Techa Magdalena Santos San Nicolas Bayani. CAHA image.
Techa: Traditional Prayer Leader
Medicine Making Featured Image
Transmission of Christianity into CHamoru/Chamorro Culture
Women are shown smoking tobacco near a shrine. One is carrying a bamboo water container and another is with a child. Illustration from the collection of Dumont d’Urville. Micronesian Seminar (MicSem)
Women's Roles

Villages and Places

The oval-shaped Fort San Jose (bottom sketch), built during the administration of Governor Vicente Blanco in the early 19th century, provided additional protection at Humåtak/Umatac Bay.
Fort San Jose
fort san luis
Fort San Luis
Fort Santa Agueda
Fort Santa Agueda
Fort Santiago
Fort Santiago
Fort Santo Angel
Fort Santo Angel
Fort Soledad, the last Spanish fortifications built in the village of Humåtak/Umatac and is located atop a steep bluff. The fort provides a superior view of the village, the bay and the rugged coastline. Burt Sardoma for the Guam Preservation Trust (GPT).
Fort Soledad
Lujan House
Lujan House
The Society of Jesus, or the Jesuits, first brought the Catholic faith to Guam in 1668. The Humåtak/Umatac church from d'Urville's Voyage de la corvettte L'Astrolabe, 1830.
San Dionisio Catholic Church, Humåtak
Forts Overview Featured Image
Spanish Forts of Guam Overview

Weapons and Warfare

cultural aspects of chamoru warfare
Warfare
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