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4th Marianas History Conference
The fourth Marianas History Conference, “Commemorating Our Histories,” was held at the University of Guam from Saturday, August 31 – Sunday, September 1, 2019.
Coral Reefs: Essential Ecosystems on Guam
What is a coral? Corals are small invertebrate animals that create the foundation of an ecosystem that supports thousands of other organisms, including humans. Corals are in a group of organisms called Cnidarians, and are closely related to jellyfish, anemones, and hydroids.
Guam’s Amazing Caves
How Guam formed. Guam has a wealth of geophysical and historical features through which one can experience the island and learn its history.
Fungus in Guam’s Forests
Fungi help make the jungle work. Fungi are some of the most important organisms in an ecosystem. A variety of fungi are used as food sources and antibiotics, and some break down decaying matter into useful, organic material.
Guam’s Balate’
Sea cucumbers are important. Of the many marine organisms populating Guam’s waters, sea cucumbers (balate’), shown in Figure 1, remain important and unique creatures that provide a crucial cleaning service to the ocean. Many islanders may reminisce of a time when they played with balate’ with their friends and family on the beach.
Restoring Guam’s Coral Reefs
Guam’s coral reefs and their decline. Coral reefs are among the most productive ecosystems on the planet. They contribute greatly to cultural identity, education and tourism, and support millions of people as major food sources.
Fanhasso: War for Guam
“I’d consider liberation of Guam a rebirth for all its people, and all those who showed delinquencies should be forgiven and given another chance to really live again.” – Agueda I. Johnston, 1944.
Nightmare in Malesso’ at War’s End
Fight to survive – and liberate themselves. So near, yet so far. In July 1944, the ships of the US Navy could be seen off the coast of Malesso’/Merizo, almost as close as the waves rushing over the reefs that fringe the southern village. For Juan Atoigue Cruz, just 16 years old then, those ships were the stuff of dreams.
Comfort Women on Guam
5 houses selected. The Japanese government, besides its troops, also dispatched “comfort women” or sex workers to Guam. Five homes were selected to house the women; three in Hagåtña, one in Anigua, and one in Sasa, a farming area near Piti. The establishment of these ‘comfort stations’ otherwise referred to as i gima ka’ku (the house of sex) during the war was justified as a means of discouraging soldiers from raping women. Many of the women were promised benefits like food, money, medicine, and protection for themselves and their families in exchange for their services.
CHamorus Die in Pearl Harbor Bombing
Mess attendants in the US Navy. The first CHamoru casualties of World War II occurred in the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor 7 December 1941, just hours before Guam was attacked by air.